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Caffeine structure look like nucleotide12/5/2023 Other, less commonly used, sources of caffeine include the yerba mate and guarana plants, which are sometimes used in the preparation of teas and energy drinks. The most commonly used caffeine-containing plants are coffee, tea, and to a lesser extent cocoa. It is therefore understood that caffeine has a natural function as both a natural pesticide and as an inhibitor of seed germination of other nearby coffee seedlings thus giving it a better chance of survival. High caffeine levels have also been found in the surrounding soil of coffee bean seedlings. Occurrence Roasted coffee beans, the world's primary source of caffeineĬaffeine is a plant alkaloid, found in many plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide, with high caffeine levels being reported in seedlings that are still developing foliages, but are lacking mechanical protection caffeine paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon the plant. One 2008 study suggested that women consuming 200 milligrams or more of caffeine per day had about twice the miscarriage risk as women who drank none, while another 2008 study found no link between miscarriage and caffeine consumption. Food and Drug Administration lists caffeine as a "Multiple Purpose Generally Recognized as Safe Food Substance". In North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily. Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive substance, but unlike most others, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all jurisdictions. Beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks enjoy great popularity. In humans, caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, having the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Other sources include yerba mate, guarana berries, and the Yaupon Holly. It is most commonly consumed by humans in infusions extracted from the beans of the coffee plant and the leaves of the tea bush, as well as from various foods and drinks containing products derived from the kola nut or from cacao. Caffeine is also called guaranine when found in guarana, mateine when found in mate, and theine when found in tea all of these names are synonyms for the same chemical compound.Ĭaffeine is found in varying quantities in the beans, leaves, and fruit of over 60 plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. He coined the term "kaffein", a chemical compound in coffee, which in English became caffeine. Caffeine was discovered by a German chemist, Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, in 1819. OverviewĬaffeine is a bitter white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug and a mild diuretic (speeds up urine production) in humans and other animals. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. Risk calculators and risk factors for CaffeineĮditor-In-Chief: C. US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Caffeineĭirections to Hospitals Treating Caffeine Articles on Caffeine in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
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